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Mapagam

Implementing Binary Operators

1. Using Arithmetic Operators

Operator Description Example Notes
+ Addition rate(http_requests_total[5m]) + rate(http_errors_total[5m]) Vector-to-vector binary operation
- Subtraction http_requests_total - http_errors_total Vector-to-vector binary operation
* Multiplication http_requests_total * 2 Scalar multiplication
/ Division http_requests_total / http_errors_total Vector-to-vector binary operation
% Modulo http_requests_total % 100 Vector-to-vector binary operation
^ Power http_requests_total ^ 2 Vector-to-vector binary operation
== Equal to http_requests_total == 100 Vector-to-scalar comparison
!= Not equal to http_requests_total != 100 Vector-to-scalar comparison
< Less than http_requests_total < 100 Vector-to-scalar comparison
> Greater than http_requests_total > 100 Vector-to-scalar comparison

2. Implementing Comparison Operators

Operator Description Example Notes
== Equal to http_requests_total == 100 Returns 1 if true, 0 if false
!= Not equal to http_requests_total != 100 Returns 1 if true, 0 if false
< Less than http_requests_total < 100 Returns 1 if true, 0 if false
> Greater than http_requests_total > 100 Returns 1 if true, 0 if false
<= Less than or equal to http_requests_total <= 100 Returns 1 if true, 0 if false
>= Greater than or equal to http_requests_total >= 100 Returns 1 if true, 0 if false

3. Using Logical Operators

Operator Description Example Notes
and Logical AND http_requests_total and http_errors_total Returns 1 if both operands are non-zero, 0 otherwise
or Logical OR http_requests_total or http_errors_total Returns 1 if either operand is non-zero, 0 otherwise
unless Logical NOT http_requests_total unless http_errors_total Returns 1 if the left operand is non-zero and right operand is zero, 0 otherwise

4. Understanding Vector Matching

Note: Vector matching determines how to combine vectors when performing binary operations.
Matching Type Description Example Notes
One-to-One Each element in the left vector matches one element in the right vector http_requests_total * http_errors_total Default matching behavior
Many-to-One Multiple elements in the left vector match one element in the right vector http_requests_total * sum(http_errors_total) by (instance) Requires grouping with by or without
One-to-Many One element in the left vector matches multiple elements in the right vector sum(http_requests_total) by (instance) * http_errors_total Requires grouping with by or without

5. Implementing Many-to-One Matching

Example: Many-to-One Matching

rate(http_requests_total[5m]) * sum(rate(http_errors_total[5m])) by (instance)
Note: The right operand is aggregated to a single value per instance, which then matches with each element in the left vector.

6. Implementing One-to-Many Matching

Example: One-to-Many Matching

sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) by (instance) * rate(http_errors_total[5m])
Note: The left operand is aggregated to a single value per instance, which then matches with each element in the right vector.

7. Using on Clause

Example: Using on Clause

http_requests_total on (instance) * http_errors_total on (instance)
Note: The on clause specifies the labels to match on, overriding default matching behavior.

8. Using ignoring Clause

Example: Using ignoring Clause

http_requests_total ignoring (job) * http_errors_total ignoring (job)
Note: The ignoring clause specifies labels to ignore during matching, allowing for more flexible vector alignment.

9. Understanding Operator Precedence

Precedence Level Operators Description
1 ^ Power operator (right associative)
2 *, /, % Multiplication, division, modulo (left associative)
3 +, - Addition, subtraction (left associative)
4 ==, !=, <, >, <=, >= Comparison operators (left associative)
5 and, unless Logical operators (left associative)
6 or Logical OR operator (left associative)

10. Combining Multiple Operators

Example: Combining Multiple Operators

(rate(http_requests_total[5m]) + rate(http_errors_total[5m])) / rate(http_requests_total[5m]) * 100
Note: Parentheses can be used to control operator precedence and group operations.

11. Using Bool Modifier

Example: Using bool Modifier

http_requests_total > 100 bool
Note: The bool modifier converts the result of a comparison to a boolean value (1 or 0).

12. Implementing Comparison Filtering

Example: Comparison Filtering

http_requests_total > 100 and http_errors_total < 5
Note: Comparison filtering allows selecting metrics based on specific conditions using logical operators.

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